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Landsdowne Portrait Gilbert Stuart, 1796.

Face: Stuart, like many of his fellow peers, believed in physiognomy, the theory that a person’s appearance reflected nature and character. Thus Stuart wanted to depict Washington so that his sterling character would be conveyed.

Dark Clouds: An advertisement about this portrait says that “the appearance of the rainbow is introduced in the background as a sign” that storms have passed. Not all Americans had expected the nation to survive under a federal government.

Clothing: The depiction in a suit symbolized a switch in his public role from general to President.

Sword: The sheathed sword, held in Washington’s left hand, is ceremonial. Although a sword with a suit (rather than with a uniform) was going out of style, it was “the grand distinguishing mark of a fine Gentleman.” It is also a symbolic reference to Washington as head of state.

Books on the floor: The books under the table include General Orders, American Revolution and Constitution and Bylaws; they symbolize Washington's roles as commander of the American army, and as President of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, during the debates over the structure of the new government.

Historical Context

The Lansdowne portrait is a life-size portrait of George Washington painted by Gilbert Stuart in 1796. It depicts a 64-year-old Washington in his last year as President of the United States.Gilbert Stuart was born December 3, 1755, Saunderstown, Rhode Island colony [now in North Kingstown, Rhode Island, U.S.]—died July 9, 1828, BostonMassachusetts, U.S.), American painter who was one of the great portrait painters of his era and the creator of a distinctively American portrait style. Stuart grew up in Newport, Rhode Island, where he learned the rudiments of painting. In 1775 he went to London and entered the studio of the expatriate American artist Benjamin West, with whom he worked for about six years. The painting is known as the Lansdowne Portrait because it was a gift to the Marquis of Lansdowne, an English supporter of American independence. The portrait was a gift from William Bingham, a wealthy Philadelphian merchant and was intended to thank Lord Lansdowne for his financial support of the colonial cause during the American Revolutionary War. Gilbert Stuart’s Lansdowne Portrait of George Washington is more than just a portrait of the first president of the United States of America. It is instead a painting that represents not only Washington’s likeness, but also the aesthetic and political trappings of the office of the presidency and of the New Republic. Utilizing all of the traditions of European Grand Manner portraiture, it became the standard full-length political likeness of Washington throughout the Federalist period. It marks a new beginning sort of say, a way to show that they were able to make it no matter what was thrown at them. It's also a model of what an American should be like, Washington's position in the painting is to show other American what they should be like as an American.

Contemporary Image

In Stuart's Painting the depiction of an American is someone who firm, reflecting, strong, and a good person. Washington in the painting is shown to be having those traits and in that time period to be like Washington is to be a true American. Overtime the years have worn down the original value on what it means to be an American because, of change of society and the new introduction of new cultures. Nowadays what it means to be an America is all up to you because, of the freedom we have and the government's developed democracy. In 1796 the U.S. Electoral College meets to elect Federalist John Adams as president. John Adams defeated Thomas Jefferson, of the Democrat Republican party, whose platform included the notion of a weak central government, in the U.S. presidential election. Political parties came into prominence with this election after the retirement of George Washington. Electors who chose the president were chosen by the states, using various methods, including the popular vote or by state legislators. Adams received 71 electoral votes to Jefferson's 68. There were so many events happening during that time that the freedom to choose what it meant to be an American was nonexistent. The values of being reflecting, strong, and a good person is still relevant to an American but, since it's too limited it didn't endure over time. An example would be if Washington was alive today he wouldn't be the model of an American because of how dated his values are. I agree that his values are true to an American but, is that all what it means? It feels to restricted to claim that you have to only be those traits to be an American.

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References

  • The Encyclopedia Britannica. "Gilbert Stuart" Editor of Encyclopedia Britannica, Accessed 27 September 2018, www.britannica.com

  • Ellen, Miles. "Gilbert Stuart Paints George Washington " National Portrait Gallery, 19 February. hug.siedu/blog/gilbert-Stuart-Paints.com

  • Ellen Gross Miles, "George Washington (The Lansdowne Portrait)," in Gilbert Stuart (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004), pp. 166-90.

  •  Bryan Zygmont, "Gilbert Stuart's Lansdowne Portrait," from Khan Academy.

  • "The Portrait." George Washington: A National Treasure. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution. georgewashington.si.edu

  • Carrie Rebora Barratt and Ellen G. Miles, Gilbert Stuart, (2004), a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art

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